ABSTRACT
Background: Understanding immune memory to COVID-19 vaccines is critical for the design and optimal vaccination schedule for curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we assessed the persistence of humoral and cellular immune responses for 12 months after two-dose CoronaVac.Methods: Participants aged 18–59 years received two doses of 3 μg CoronaVac 14 days apart, and blood samples were collected before vaccination (baseline) and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the second shot. Humoral responses of specific antibodies and neutralising antibodies were measured by using chemiluminescent immunoassay and wild-type SARS-CoV-2 microneutralisation assay, respectively. Cellular responses were measured by immunospot-based and intracellular cytokine staining assays. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05072496.Findings: Total 150 participants were enrolled, and 136 of them completed the study through the 12-month endpoint. At 1 month after vaccination, binding and neutralising antibodies emerged rapidly, the seropositive rate of binding antibodies and seroconversion rate of neutralizing antibodies was 99% and 50%, respectively. From 3 to 12 months, the binding and neutralizing antibodies declined slightly overtime. At 12 months, the binding and neutralizing antibodies were still detectable and significantly higher than the baseline. IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion specifically induced by RBD persisted at high levels until 6 months, and could be observed at 12 months, while the levels of IL-5 and Granzyme B were hardly detected, demonstrating a Th1-biased response. Besides, specific CD4+TCM, CD4+TEMM, CD8+ TEMand CD8+TE cells were all detectable and functional up to 12 months after the second dose, as the cells produced IFN-γ, IL-2, and GzmB in response to stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 RBD.Interpretation: CoronaVac not only induced durable binding and neutralising antibody responses, but also SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells for up to 12 months.Trial Registration: This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05072496.Funding: Beijing Municipal Science & Technology CommissionDeclaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: The trial protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing CDC (2020-28)
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Abstract: Objective: To study on the existing nursing problems of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at night and discuss solutions. Method: 62 COVID-19 patients treated in the general ward of infectious diseases department of a infectious disease hospital in Wuhan on 13-25 February 2020 were selected. The night nursing problems were observed from night sickness, night safety, night medication and psychological support and targeted nursing was implemented. Results: 60 cases were cured and 2 were transferred to ICU for treatment. The patients were safe at night, there is no falling accidents and anxiety or depression was relieved in time. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients’ night care problems are special and it should be highly valued. Effective nursing can ensure patients’ night safety and promote their recovery.
ABSTRACT
Neutrophils are rapidly recruited from the peripheral blood to the inflammatory site to initiate inflammatory response against pathogenic infections. The process to recruit neutrophils must be properly regulated since the abnormal accumulation of neutrophils can cause organ damage and dysfunction. The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI) is a common cause of respiratory failure that is characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils and epithelial integrity disruption. Indeed, recent studies suggest a pathogenic role of neutrophils in the clinic severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ARDS. The chemokine CXCL1, which is rapidly induced by inflammatory stimuli, plays a key role in neutrophil influx during lung inflammation. The molecular basis of Cxcl1 induction is not fully understood. Here we report that TET1, a member of the ten eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase protein family, displays a striking specificity in the regulation of gene expression in macrophages. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that Tet1 disruption significantly altered the expression of only 48 genes that include Cxcl1 and several other genes known to be important for cell migration and trafficking in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) in response to LPS stimulation. TET1 regulates the induction of Cxcl1 by facilitating the DNA demethylation of the Cxcl1 promoter. In Tet1 −/− mice, the induction of Cxcl1 was suppressed, resulting in defective neutrophil recruitment to the lung during LPS-induced acute lung injury. Our results identify a novel epigenetic mechanism that selectively controls Cxcl1 induction and neutrophil recruitment during acute lung injury. Key Points TET1 has a striking specificity in macrophage gene regulation and controls Cxcl1 induction by inflammatory stimuli via DNA demethylation Neutrophil recruitment is defective in Tet1 deficient mice during acute lung injury
Subject(s)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Pneumonia , Acute Lung Injury , COVID-19 , Respiratory InsufficiencyABSTRACT
Objectives: Earlier researches suggested patients should be routinely screened for bacteria and fungi infection after COVID-19 being confirmed. Here, we enrolled 236 patients with COVID-19 to analyze the clinical characteristics, fungal strains, mortality, and laboratory data of different groups.Design: Single center retrospective studyPatients: A total of 236 COVID-19 patients from Huoshenshan Hospital were included in this study, consisting of 14(6%) died cases, 222(94%) discharged cases.Results: The result revealed that 5 mortality in positive group were all related to aspergillus infection while candida infection rarely caused death. Aspergillus was most common in non-survivors while candida was most common in survivors. In terms of interleukin-6 (IL6), viral loads, nucleic acid clearance time, etc, fungal serologically positive group had a higher level than negative group.Conclusions: Non-survivors of Covid-19 with fungal infection were almost associated with aspergillus infection. Aspergillus infection, instead of candida infection might be fatal for critical ill patients with COVID-19. There is great significance to carry out routine screening for fungal infection especially for critical patients to enable early treatment to be implemented.Funding Statement: This study was financially supported by grants Key Foundation of Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital (2020[18]), Key Research& Development Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2018713), Medical Innovation Project of Logistics Service (18JS005).Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital (No. HSSLL011). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.
Subject(s)
Lung Diseases, Fungal , COVID-19ABSTRACT
The outbreak of 2019-nCoV in the central Chinese city of Wuhan at the end of 2019 poses unprecedent public health challenges to both China and the rest world1. The new coronavirus shares high sequence identity to SARS-CoV and a newly identified bat coronavirus2. While bats may be the reservoir host for various coronaviruses, whether 2019-nCoV has other hosts is still ambiguous. In this study, one coronavirus isolated from Malayan pangolins showed 100%, 98.2%, 96.7% and 90.4% amino acid identity with 2019-nCoV in the E, M, N and S genes, respectively. In particular, the receptor-binding domain of the S protein of the Pangolin-CoV is virtually identical to that of 2019-nCoV, with one amino acid difference. Comparison of available genomes suggests 2019-nCoV might have originated from the recombination of a Pangolin-CoV-like virus with a Bat-CoV-RaTG13-like virus. Infected pangolins showed clinical signs and histopathological changes, and the circulating antibodies reacted with the S protein of 2019-nCoV. The isolation of a coronavirus that is highly related to 2019-nCoV in the pangolins suggests that these animals have the potential to act as the intermediate host of 2019-nCoV. The newly identified coronavirus in the most-trafficked mammal could represent a continuous threat to public health if wildlife trade is not effectively controlled.